小树在展馆看到青霉素故事。为什么同样发烧，用药选择可能完全不同？Mia encounters the story of penicillin. Why can two illnesses with fever call for different treatment decisions?
第 1 步：先分清作用对象Step 1: Identify the target
症状相似，不代表原因相同。Similar symptoms do not imply the same cause.
抗生素针对某些细菌感染。细菌与病毒不是同一类病原体。抗生素不能治疗病毒感染。判断病因需要医护人员。Antibiotics treat certain bacterial infections. Bacteria and viruses are different kinds of pathogens. Antibiotics do not treat viral infections. A health professional evaluates the cause.
第 2 步：耐药的是微生物Step 2: Microbes become resistant
为什么同一种药会失去效果？Why can a medicine become less effective?
细菌群体中可能存在耐药个体。药物会改变哪些个体能存活。耐药细菌随后可能繁殖传播。不是人体练出了抗药本领。A bacterial population can include resistant members. A drug changes which members survive. Resistant bacteria can then multiply and spread. It is not the person becoming resistant.
第 3 步：共同保护治疗工具Step 3: Protect a shared treatment tool
怎样减少不必要的耐药压力？How can unnecessary selection pressure be reduced?
是否用药，应由医护人员判断。使用时按处方执行。不分享，也不留药自行治下次病。预防感染同样能减少用药需求。A health professional decides whether antibiotics are needed. Follow the prescription when they are used. Do not share or save them to treat a future illness yourself. Preventing infections also reduces demand for treatment.
🎮 机制实验室：观察，再判断🎮 Mechanism lab: observe, then decide
虚构群体：最初九个敏感、一个耐药。选择后耐药者存活，随后繁殖；不是处方建议。Fictional population: nine susceptible and one resistant. Selection leaves a survivor that reproduces; this is not prescribing advice.
一句话记住它：Remember it:抗生素针对细菌；合理使用保护未来的疗效。Antibiotics target bacteria; appropriate use protects future effectiveness.
抗生素针对某些细菌感染。Antibiotics treat certain bacterial infections.细菌群体中可能存在耐药个体。A bacterial population can include resistant members.是否用药，应由医护人员判断。A health professional decides whether antibiotics are needed.
机制与通用用药原则：较高把握。本文为科普，不判断个人病情或提供剂量。High confidence in mechanisms and general use principles. This is education, not diagnosis or dosing advice.
核对日期：2026 年 10 月 6 日。文字与配图由 AI 生成；已做来源核对及程序测试，待人工复核。Checked 6 October 2026. Text and illustrations are AI-generated. Sources and software checks were performed; human review is pending.
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