小树把集市收入存入银行。账户里的数字与银行保险柜里的现金，是一回事吗？Mia deposits market income at a bank. Is her account balance the same as cash sitting in a vault?
第 1 步：存款是银行对客户的负债Step 1: A deposit is a bank’s liability
先从双方的账本看。Look at both sides’ records.
客户把存款看作自己的资产。银行则有按约支付的责任。对银行来说，存款是负债。账户数字不表示每笔都单独锁在柜里。A customer sees a deposit as an asset. The bank has an obligation to pay under the account terms, so the deposit is its liability. Each balance is not a separately locked pile of cash.
第 2 步：贷款同时改变两边账目Step 2: A loan changes both sides
银行发放新贷款时发生什么？What happens when a bank grants a new loan?
在现代银行体系中，放贷可同时创造存款。银行增加贷款资产。借款人账户增加相应存款。还本会缩减相应的贷款与存款。In modern banking, lending can create a deposit at the same time. The bank gains a loan asset and credits the borrower’s account. Principal repayment reduces the corresponding loan and deposit.
第 3 步：能记账，不等于能无限放贷Step 3: Book entries do not mean unlimited lending
银行为何不能随意无限扩张？Why can banks not expand without limit?
借款人可能无法还款。银行还要管理支付所需的流动性。资本、监管与盈利条件形成约束。存款保障范围也因制度而异。Borrowers may fail to repay. Banks manage liquidity for payments. Capital, regulation, and profitability constrain lending. Deposit-protection coverage also depends on the local system.
🎮 机制实验室：观察，再判断🎮 Mechanism lab: observe, then decide
同一银行内的极简例子：新贷款创造相应存款，还本减少两边；还本最高按贷款余额计算。An extremely simplified same-bank example: a loan creates a matching deposit; principal repayment reduces both, capped at the loan amount.
一句话记住它：Remember it:银行连接支付与信贷，账本扩张始终受风险和制度约束。Banks connect payments and credit, with balance-sheet growth constrained by risk and institutions.
客户把存款看作自己的资产。A customer sees a deposit as an asset.在现代银行体系中，放贷可同时创造存款。In modern banking, lending can create a deposit at the same time.借款人可能无法还款。Borrowers may fail to repay.
现代银行记账机制：较高把握。制度细节因地区而异，不评价具体银行或产品。High confidence in modern bank accounting. Institutional details vary; no particular bank or product is evaluated.
核对日期：2026 年 10 月 6 日。文字与配图由 AI 生成；已做来源核对及程序测试，待人工复核。Checked 6 October 2026. Text and illustrations are AI-generated. Sources and software checks were performed; human review is pending.
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