小树发现面包贵了。一次涨价就叫通胀吗？先把购物篮摆出来。Mia notices bread is more expensive. Is one price increase inflation? Start by unpacking a shopping basket.
第 1 步：看整体价格水平Step 1: Look at the overall price level
单件商品能代表所有消费吗？Can one item represent all spending?
通胀指总体价格水平上涨。单件商品涨价可能只是局部变化。价格指数观察一篮子商品和服务。不同项目按支出比重加权。Inflation is a rise in the overall price level. One item’s increase may be a local change. A price index tracks a basket of goods and services, weighted by spending shares.
第 2 步：比较同一篮子的成本Step 2: Compare the same basket
怎样算出变化的百分比？How do we calculate the percentage change?
旧篮子成本一百，新成本一百零五。涨幅是五除以一百，即百分之五。课堂先固定购买数量。现实指数还会更新权重和处理品质变化。A basket rises from 100 to 105. The increase is 5 divided by 100, or 5%. Our lesson fixes quantities. Real indexes also update weights and handle quality changes.
第 3 步：金额与购买力分开看Step 3: Separate money from purchasing power
工资涨了，就一定买得更多吗？Does higher pay always buy more?
工资涨幅低于物价时，购买力可能下降。通胀可以来自需求或供给变化。不同家庭的购物篮不同。一个平均数不能代表每个人的感受。If pay grows less than prices, purchasing power may fall. Demand or supply changes can contribute to inflation. Households buy different baskets. One average cannot describe everyone’s experience.
🎮 机制实验室：观察，再判断🎮 Mechanism lab: observe, then decide
固定篮子含两个面包、两个水果。基期单价二与三，总价十。变化率＝新成本除以十减一。The fixed basket has 2 loaves and 2 fruit. Base prices 2 and 3 give cost 10. Change = new cost / 10 − 1.
一句话记住它：Remember it:通胀看总体价格，生活感受还取决于收入和购物篮。Inflation tracks overall prices; lived effects depend on income and the shopping basket.
通胀指总体价格水平上涨。Inflation is a rise in the overall price level.旧篮子成本一百，新成本一百零五。A basket rises from 100 to 105.工资涨幅低于物价时，购买力可能下降。If pay grows less than prices, purchasing power may fall.
指数算术：较高把握。课堂购物篮是虚构数据，不代表实时通胀率或家庭预算建议。High confidence in index arithmetic. The fictional basket is neither a live inflation rate nor household budget advice.
核对日期：2026 年 10 月 6 日。文字与配图由 AI 生成；已做来源核对及程序测试，待人工复核。Checked 6 October 2026. Text and illustrations are AI-generated. Sources and software checks were performed; human review is pending.
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