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🍬 比例分配：按份数分东西🍬 Proportional Division: share by parts

上一片学会了「每一百份里占几份」。可要是只有两三个小伙伴分糖，按 2:3 分该怎么算？小算盘机器人端出 30 颗糖，先分给你看。 Last leaf counted parts per hundred. But when two or three friends share candies by 2:3, how do you split them? The abacus robot brings out 30 candies to show us.

第 1 步：把比例翻译成「份数」Step 1: Translate the ratio into parts

先别急着算——「2:3」到底在说什么？Don't rush the math yet — what is “2:3” actually saying?

糖果按 2:3 分成两堆与三堆
2:3 不是说「2 颗和 3 颗」，而是「2 份和 3 份」：左边摆 2 堆、右边摆 3 堆，每堆一样多。总份数 = 2 + 3 = 5 份，这才是分糖的「格子数」。 2:3 doesn't mean “2 candies and 3 candies” — it means 2 parts and 3 parts. Two stacks on the left, three on the right, every stack equal. Total parts = 2 + 3 = 5 — that's the number of slots to fill.

知道一共 5 份以后，怎么把 30 颗糖分进这 5 份？Once we know there are 5 parts, how do 30 candies go into them?

第 2 步：先求每份，再各乘份数Step 2: Find one part, then multiply

30 除以 5 得每份 6 颗，各自乘份数
30 颗平均放进 5 个格子：30 ÷ 5 = 6，每格 6 颗。小算盘占 2 格：2 × 6 = 12 颗；小伙伴占 3 格：3 × 6 = 18 颗。验算一下：12 + 18 = 30，12 : 18 正好化简成 2 : 3。 Spread 30 candies evenly across 5 slots: 30 ÷ 5 = 6, so each slot holds 6. Abacus takes 2 slots: 2 × 6 = 12. The friend takes 3 slots: 3 × 6 = 18. Check: 12 + 18 = 30, and 12 : 18 simplifies right back to 2 : 3.

两个人会分了。要是三个人、比例变成 1:2:3 呢？Two people solved. What about three people sharing by 1:2:3?

第 3 步：三个人分披萨，方法一模一样Step 3: A pizza for three — same method

三人按 1:2:3 分一张披萨
一张披萨切成 6 块，按 1:2:3 分：先加总份数 1 + 2 + 3 = 6，再求每份 6 ÷ 6 = 1 块，最后各乘份数——1 块、2 块、3 块。人再多、数字再变，三步不变：先总份数 → 再每份 → 后各乘。 A pizza cut into 6 slices, shared by 1 : 2 : 3: add the parts (1 + 2 + 3 = 6), find one part (6 ÷ 6 = 1 slice), then multiply — 1, 2 and 3 slices. More people, new numbers, same three steps: total parts → one part → multiply.

🎮 你来当分糖小掌柜（30 秒）🎮 Your turn: the candy share-out (30 seconds)

道理讲完了。拖动滑块把糖按份数分给两位小伙伴——小算盘拿对了才能过关，一共 3 关。Over to you. Drag the slider to share candies by parts between the two friends — Abacus must get the right share to pass, 3 rounds in all.

一句话记住它：比例分配三步走——先求总份数，再算每份多少，最后各乘自己的份数。 Remember it in one line: share by parts in three steps — count the total parts, find one part, multiply each share.
2:3 是「2 份和 3 份」，不是「2 颗和 3 颗」；总份数 = 份数相加“2:3” means 2 parts and 3 parts, not 2 candies and 3 — add the parts 每份 = 总数 ÷ 总份数；各得 = 每份 × 自己的份数One part = total ÷ total parts; each share = one part × its own parts 分完别忘了验算：各份相加等于总数，比例能化简回去Check your work: shares add up to the total, and the ratio simplifies back

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