♻️ 岩石循环：石头也有“轮回”♻️ Rock Cycle: A Rock's Many Lives
上一片里，大陆载着岩石满世界“走路”。可你脚下这块石头自己也没闲着：它上辈子可能是滚烫的岩浆！🌍 星球向导带你坐一圈“轮回列车”，看看石头怎样变身。The last leaf showed continents “walking” around with rocks riding along. But the rock under your feet has a busy life too: in a past life it may have been glowing magma! 🌍 your guide takes you one loop around the “rebirth train”.
第 1 步：坐一圈轮回列车——总路线图Step 1: Ride the rebirth train — the whole loop
石头的一生有哪些站？先看总路线图。What stops does a rock's life have? Start with the route map.
这圈列车没有终点：岩浆凝固成岩，岩石被风化磨碎、压紧成岩，又被深埋改造、熔融打回岩浆。三个换乘条件要记牢——风化侵蚀、深埋变质、熔融。This train never terminates: magma freezes into rock, rock is weathered to bits and pressed into rock again, then buried, remade, and melted back into magma. Memorize the three transfers — weathering, deep burial, melting.
一圈要认三种石头——它们长什么样，怎么一眼分清？One loop, three rocks to know — what do they look like, and how do you tell them apart at a glance?
第 2 步：三位主角登场——火成岩、沉积岩、变质岩Step 2: Meet the three stars — igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
火成岩是岩浆凝固的，晶体亮闪闪；沉积岩像千层饼，一层压一层，还常藏着化石；变质岩是高温高压“改造”过的，条纹扭成了波浪。记住口诀：冻出来的是火成，压出来的是沉积，改出来的是变质。Igneous rock froze from magma, crystals glittering; sedimentary rock is a layer cake, pressed sheet by sheet, often hiding fossils; metamorphic rock was “remade” by heat and pressure, its stripes twisted into waves. Rule of thumb: frozen is igneous, pressed is sedimentary, remade is metamorphic.
岩浆变石头的那一刻，到底是什么场面？What does the exact moment of magma becoming rock look like?
第 3 步：岩浆凝固那一刻——轮回的起点Step 3: The moment magma freezes — where the loop begins
通红的岩浆流出地面，慢慢变凉、变硬，长成深色的玄武岩。凝固越快，晶体越细小。有趣的是：板块把大陆到处搬运，也把岩石带进深处熔融——上一片的大陆漂移，正是这圈轮回的“搬运工”。Glowing magma spills out, cools and hardens into dark basalt. The faster it freezes, the tinier its crystals. And here's the link: plates haul continents around and drag rocks down to melt — the continental drift from the last leaf is this cycle's delivery driver.
🎮 你来转轮回转盘（30 秒）🎮 Your turn: spin the rebirth wheel (30 seconds)
道理讲完了。先亲手点条件看岩石变身，再走完自动演示的一整圈；最后答对 4 道路径判断题。Theory done. First press conditions and watch rocks transform, then ride the auto-tour's full loop; finally ace 4 path questions.
一句话记住它：岩石循环 = 三大岩类在风化、深埋、熔融三个条件下互相转化，圈圈不息。你手里的每块石头，上辈子都可能是岩浆。Remember it in one line: the rock cycle = three rock families transforming into each other through weathering, burial and melting, forever. Every rock in your hand may once have been magma.
火成岩＋风化侵蚀→沉积岩；沉积岩＋深埋变质→变质岩；变质岩＋熔融→岩浆Igneous + weathering → sedimentary; sedimentary + burial → metamorphic; metamorphic + melting → magma岩浆冷却→火成岩，轮回闭环；冻成、压成、改成，一眼分三类Magma + cooling → igneous closes the loop; frozen, pressed, remade tells the three apart大陆漂移是轮回的搬运工：板块把岩石带进深处熔融Continental drift drives the cycle: plates drag rocks down to melt
内容参考 OpenStax 等公开教材，多来源核对 · AI 生成、人工审核 · 发现错误欢迎指正，帮这片叶子长得更好。Based on OpenStax and other open textbooks, cross-checked across sources · AI-generated, human-reviewed · Spotted a mistake? Tell us — help this leaf grow.
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