银河里有 2000 亿颗恒星，恒星也会死。大质量恒星死得最壮观：一场超新星，亮过整个星系。The Milky Way holds 200 billion stars — and stars can die. Massive stars die the most spectacular death: one supernova outshines a whole galaxy.
第 1 步：质量定命运Step 1: Mass decides fate
同样是死，结局完全不同——体重说了算。All stars die, but never the same way — weight decides.
小质量恒星安静地变成白矮星。超过 8 倍太阳质量，恒星会超新星爆发：一瞬间亮过整个星系。8～25 倍留下中子星，25 倍以上塌成黑洞。Low-mass stars fade quietly into white dwarfs. Above 8 Suns, a star goes supernova — briefly brighter than a whole galaxy. 8–25 Suns leave a neutron star; above 25, a black hole.
古人也见过超新星，还写进了史书。Ancient skywatchers saw one too — and wrote it down.
第 2 步：1054 年的客星Step 2: The guest star of 1054
宋朝 1054 年，天上亮起一颗客星，白天都能看见。它就是今天的蟹状星云：一团还在膨胀的遗迹。我国史书把这次爆发记得很清楚。In 1054 (Song dynasty), a guest star lit the sky, visible even by day. It is today's Crab Nebula — debris still expanding. Chinese records kept this blast in careful detail.
爆发不只是好看，还给宇宙快递包裹。The blast is not just pretty — it delivers packages across space.
第 3 步：我们都是星尘Step 3: We are all stardust
金银铂这么重的元素，恒星平时炼不出来。只有超新星爆发，才炼得出来、播撒出去。你戒指里的金，都是星尘。Heavy elements like gold, silver and platinum cannot be forged in quiet stars. Only supernova blasts can forge and scatter them. The gold in your ring is stardust.
🎮 恒星命运实验室（30 秒）🎮 Star fate lab (30 seconds)
道理讲完了。拖滑块改质量，判它变成白矮星、中子星还是黑洞，再查出金子的来源，一共 4 关。Theory done — drag the mass slider, judge each star's fate, then trace where gold comes from: 4 rounds.
一句话记住它：超新星是大质量恒星的爆发，一瞬间亮过星系。质量定结局，金银铂都是它播撒的。Remember it in one line: a supernova is a massive star's blast, briefly outshining its galaxy. Mass decides the ending — and gold, silver and platinum all come from it.
超新星是大质量恒星死亡的爆发，一瞬间亮过整个星系A supernova is a massive star's death blast, briefly outshining a galaxy8 倍以下变白矮星，8～25 倍留中子星，25 倍以上成黑洞Under 8 Suns: white dwarf; 8–25: neutron star; above 25: black hole金银铂来自超新星播撒，蟹状星云是 1054 年客星的遗迹Gold, silver and platinum come from supernovae; the Crab Nebula is the 1054 guest star's remains
内容参考 OpenStax 等公开教材，多来源核对 · AI 生成、人工审核 · 发现错误欢迎指正，帮这片叶子长得更好。Based on OpenStax and other open textbooks, cross-checked across sources · AI-generated, human-reviewed · Spotted a mistake? Tell us — help this leaf grow.
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