🏙️ 城市化：越来越多的人住进城🏙️ Urbanization: More and More People Move Into Cities
上一片数出人挤在东边。还不够——他们还在往城里挤。🌍 蓝色星球向导翻开相册。同一个地方，1980 年是小镇，2020 年变大城市。Last leaf counted people squeezing east. That is not the end — they keep crowding into cities. 🌍 Blue Planet Guide opens the photo album. This very spot was a small town in 1980, and a big city in 2020.
第 1 步：什么叫城市化Step 1: What is urbanization
先把名字讲清——城市化到底在说什么？Start with the name — what does urbanization actually mean?
城市化就是人口向城市集中。工厂招工，人们进城打工安家。城市化率就是住城里的人占比。中国这个数已超六成。开表盘看看吧。Urbanization means people gathering into cities. Factories hire, villagers arrive to work and settle. The urban share is simply the fraction living in cities. In China it has passed sixty percent. Look at the gauge.
小镇是怎么一步步长成大城市的？How does a small town grow into a big city, step by step?
第 2 步：拖时间轴，看小镇长大Step 2: Drag time, watch the town grow
1980 年还是平房小镇。2000 年长成县城：楼房工厂都有了。2020 年变大城市：高楼林立，人口翻了好多倍。工业化就是发动机。In 1980 it was a town of flat houses. By 2000 a county town: blocks and factories everywhere. By 2020 a big city: towers all round, population multiplied many times. Industrialization is the engine.
人都进城，是好事还是坏事？Everyone in the city — is that good news or bad news?
第 3 步：好处与大城市病Step 3: The good and the big-city flu
好处很实在：工作多，工资高。学校医院更好。烦恼也实在：堵车，房贵，污染。这三样合称大城市病。好市长两样都要管。The plus side is real: more jobs, higher pay. Better schools and hospitals. The troubles are real too: traffic, pricey homes, pollution. Together they are called big-city flu. A good mayor handles both.
🎮 你来当市长（30 秒）🎮 Your turn: be the mayor (30 seconds)
先拖时间轴，看小镇变城市。再过下面 4 关，判断每件事是好处还是烦恼。First drag the timeline and watch the town turn into a city. Then clear 4 levels: judge each change a plus or a trouble.
一句话记住它：城市化就是人口向城市集中。带来机会，也带来大城市病。Remember it in one line: urbanization is people gathering into cities. It brings chances — and big-city flu.
城市化率就是住城里的人占比，中国已超六成The urban share is the fraction living in cities — past sixty percent in China工业化是发动机：工厂招工，人们进城安家Industrialization is the engine: factories hire, people arrive and settle好处是机会服务，烦恼是交通住房污染Chances and services on the plus side; traffic, housing and pollution on the trouble side
内容参考 OpenStax 等公开教材，多来源核对 · AI 生成、人工审核 · 发现错误欢迎指正，帮这片叶子长得更好。Based on OpenStax and other open textbooks, cross-checked across sources · AI-generated, human-reviewed · Spotted a mistake? Tell us — help this leaf grow.
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