夜晚作坊亮起电灯。小树问：只发明一个灯泡，整条街就能亮吗？The workshop lights up after dark. Mia asks whether inventing a bulb alone can illuminate a whole street.
第 1 步：灯把电能变成光Step 1: A lamp converts energy into light
从一盏灯的能量开始。Start with one lamp’s energy.
灯需要电能输入。白炽灯靠高温灯丝发光。发光二极管采用另一种机制。不同灯的效率并不相同。A lamp needs electrical energy. An incandescent bulb glows from a hot filament. A light-emitting diode uses another mechanism. Different lamps have different efficiencies.
第 2 步：电网把各处连接起来Step 2: A grid connects places
灯需要的电从哪里来？Where does the lamp’s electricity come from?
发电设备把其他能量转成电能。输电线路连接远近地区。变压器可改变交流电压。配电网络再把电送到用户。Generators convert other forms of energy into electricity. Transmission lines link distant places. Transformers can change alternating voltage. Distribution networks deliver power to users.
每家同时开灯会发生什么？What happens when many homes switch on?
用电需求会变化。电网要协调供给、储能和需求。线路也有容量与损耗。可靠供电是系统工程。Demand changes over time. A grid coordinates supply, storage, and demand. Lines also have capacity limits and losses. Reliable power is a system task.
🎮 机制实验室：观察，再判断🎮 Mechanism lab: observe, then decide
把两条滑块调到相等。差值为零表示这个简化时刻的供需平衡，不计网损与储能。Match the sliders. Zero difference means balance at this simplified instant, omitting losses and storage.
一句话记住它：Remember it:灯负责发光，电网负责把电可靠送到。A lamp makes light; a power grid delivers electricity reliably.
灯需要电能输入。A lamp needs electrical energy.发电设备把其他能量转成电能。Generators convert other forms of energy into electricity.用电需求会变化。Demand changes over time.
能量与系统原理：较高把握。发明史有多位贡献者，本文不作单一归功。High confidence in energy and systems. Several people contributed to electric lighting; no sole inventor is implied.
核对日期：2026 年 10 月 6 日。文字与配图由 AI 生成；已做来源核对及程序测试，待人工复核。Checked 6 October 2026. Text and illustrations are AI-generated. Sources and software checks were performed; human review is pending.
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