一辆货车把围巾送出作坊。它没有大锅炉，燃料怎样推动车轮？A truck carries scarves from the workshop. Without a large boiler, how does fuel turn its wheels?
第 1 步：把燃烧放进汽缸Step 1: Combustion inside a cylinder
先找热量在哪里产生。Locate where heat is released.
内燃机在发动机内部燃烧燃料。热气体膨胀，对活塞做功。化学能经过热过程转成机械能。仍有能量以废热等形式散失。An internal combustion engine burns fuel inside the engine. Hot expanding gases do work on a piston. Chemical energy becomes mechanical work through a thermal process. Some energy leaves as waste heat.
第 2 步：四冲程接力Step 2: The four-stroke sequence
怎样让活塞不停地往复？How does the piston keep cycling?
典型汽油机经历四个冲程。进气、压缩、做功、排气依次发生。曲轴把往复运动变成转动。柴油机的点火方式有所不同。A typical four-stroke petrol engine cycles through intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The crankshaft converts piston motion into rotation. A diesel engine ignites fuel differently.
第 3 步：移动动力的收益与成本Step 3: The benefits and costs of mobility
货车方便了运输，还有什么影响？What comes with more convenient transport?
高能量密度燃料便于携带。车辆扩大了运输范围。排放、噪声和燃料消耗也随之而来。效率改进不能取消所有代价。Energy-dense fuel is convenient to carry. Vehicles extend transport networks. Emissions, noise, and fuel use come with them. Better efficiency does not remove every cost.
🎮 机制实验室：观察，再判断🎮 Mechanism lab: observe, then decide
逐步观察进气、压缩、做功、排气。活塞位置只作示意，不代表真实正时。Step through intake, compression, power, and exhaust. Piston position is schematic, not real engine timing.
一句话记住它：Remember it:内燃机让燃料在内部释放能量，再通过机构驱动车轮。An internal combustion engine releases fuel energy internally and uses mechanisms to drive motion.
内燃机在发动机内部燃烧燃料。An internal combustion engine burns fuel inside the engine.典型汽油机经历四个冲程。A typical four-stroke petrol engine cycles through intake, compression, power, and exhaust.高能量密度燃料便于携带。Energy-dense fuel is convenient to carry.
原理：较高把握。四冲程图只代表一类发动机，不涵盖全部内燃机。High confidence in the principles. The four-stroke diagram represents one engine family, not every internal combustion engine.
核对日期：2026 年 10 月 6 日。文字与配图由 AI 生成；已做来源核对及程序测试，待人工复核。Checked 6 October 2026. Text and illustrations are AI-generated. Sources and software checks were performed; human review is pending.
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