开源运动：让协作有规则Open Source Movement: Collaboration with Rules
小禾想把班级工具公开，让别人也能改进。把代码放上网，就算完成开源了吗？He wants to share the class tool so others can improve it. Is uploading source code enough?
第 1 步：可见代码不等于开放许可Step 1: Visible code is not enough
别人能看见，也能修改和分发吗？Can others also modify and redistribute it?
开源通常要求许可证授予相应使用、修改和分发权利。只允许看，不一定符合开源定义。公开项目应写清许可证和版权信息。不同许可证附带不同条件。免费是价格问题，开源是权利与条件问题。开源软件也可以用于商业活动。Open source normally requires a license granting relevant rights to use, modify and redistribute. Read-only visibility may not satisfy the definition. Public projects should specify licensing and copyright information. Licenses carry different conditions. Free of charge concerns price; open source concerns rights and obligations. Commercial use is possible.
第 2 步：多人贡献也要协调Step 2: Contributions need coordination
大家都能改，怎样避免混乱？How can many contributors work together?
版本控制记录变化，问题讨论说明需求。贡献者提交修改，维护者审查和合并。文档、测试、设计与翻译也都是贡献。公开代码并不保证有人维护，也不自动保证安全。社区需要清楚的规则和持续投入。小禾会给新贡献者写上手说明。Version control records changes and issue discussions describe needs. Contributors propose changes; maintainers review and merge them. Documentation, testing, design and translation are contributions too. Public code guarantees neither maintenance nor security. Communities require understandable rules and sustained work. He writes a guide for new contributors.
第 3 步：运动里有不同关注点Step 3: Different motivations coexist
大家为什么愿意参与？Why do people participate?
有人关注软件自由，有人重视协作质量，也有人需要共同维护基础工具。自由软件与开源运动有交集，表达重点并不完全相同。开源倡议组织成立于一九九八年，但共享软件的实践更早。理解历史，要把术语、许可和社区实践分开看。Participants may emphasize software freedom, collaborative quality or maintaining shared infrastructure. Free-software and open-source movements overlap while stressing different ideas. The Open Source Initiative was founded in 1998, but software sharing predates it. Distinguish the terminology, licensing and community practices when studying this history.
🎮 开源贡献路线🎮 Open-source contribution route
给四种贡献排出检查、修改、测试和提交步骤，并核对许可条件。Arrange checking, editing, testing and submission for four contributions while inspecting license conditions.
一句话记住它：Remember: 开源把许可与协作结合起来，公开代码只是其中一步。Open source joins licensing with collaboration; publishing code is only one step.
看得见不等于有修改分发权。Visibility does not imply modification or redistribution rights.免费和开源不是同一个概念。Free of charge and open source are different.维护、审查和文档都需要投入。Maintenance, review and documentation require effort.
把握度：定义与组织历史较高。具体许可证条件应阅读原文；本页不作法律意见。Confidence: high for the definition and organizational history. Read actual license terms for specifics; this is not legal advice.
AI 辅助制作与资料核对。插图和互动为教学示意。AI-assisted production and source checking. Illustrations and interactions are teaching models.
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